Diabetes mellitus (kencing manis)

1. Definition
    A complex metabolic disorder because the body fails to respond to increased blood sugar levels.
    There are two types of diabetes mellitus, namely:
    a) Diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent
    b) Diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent tisak

2. Cause
     Abnormalities in cell betha, heredity, immune system disorders, viral infections, diet, stress, age, hormone insulin deficiency, pregnancy.

3. signs symptoms
    a) The typical symptoms are:
        * Many of the meals (polipagi)
        * Drink plenty of (polidipsi)
        * Many of urine (polyuria)
    b) A limp
    c) Tingling or itching, nausea, vomiting. easily tired
    d) Random glucose levels> 200 mg / L
    e) Fasting glucose levels> 126 mg / L

4. Complication
    a) Hypertension
    b) Glaucoma
    c) If there are injuries resulting in gangrene
    d) Urinary tract infections

Read More......

Katarak

1. Definition
Cataract is a disease of the eye because the eye lens becomes cloudy and light can not menembusinya thus blocking the incoming light. Sight cataract patients to be impaired and might even be getting worse and blindness if not treated properly.

2. Factor Cause
Cataract occurs largely because the factor of old age (senile), but cataracts can also be caused by several other risk factors, such as:
1. Congenital cataracts are influenced by genetic factors
2. Traumatic cataract: caused by a history of trauma / injury to the eye.
3. Secondary cataract: caused by other diseases, such as disease / metabolic disorders, inflammatory processes in the eye, or diabetes (diabetes mellitus).
4. Cataracts are caused by exposure to radiation.
5. Cataracts are caused by the use of long-term medications such as corticosteroids and cholesterol-lowering drugs.

3. Signs and symptoms
Symptoms such as webbed eye lens, cloudy, or cloudy so the light can not enter and blurred vision.

4. Management
a) Pre Operation
Drug - a drug cataract eye drops, vitamins or anti-oxidants only hinder the process of increasing maturation of the cataract, but can not reduce or eliminate cataracts. Cataract surgery done if the vision has been disturbing the patient.
b) Post Operation
• Patients are asked not move much and avoid heavy lifting for one month
• Eyes closed for a few days and or protected with goggles or protective in the daytime

• Glasses permanent given for 6-8 weeks after surgery

Read More......